Get the Best Types of Chemical Bonding Materials with Quality Assurance Certificate
Chemical bonding materials for concrete are among the most important engineering materials used in construction and finishing projects in Kuwait, as they provide high adhesion strength and improve concrete performance and prevent cracking. Contractors and engineers rely on them in foundation and structural reinforcement works and in preparing concrete surfaces before engineering finishing. They also ensure quality execution and provide the building with stability and sustainability in the long term.
Quality-Assured Certified Chemical Bonding Materials
Certified chemical bonding materials with quality assurance are among the most important structural solutions used by engineers and contractors in Kuwait to enhance concrete performance, improve its adhesion strength, and prevent separation between concrete layers or between concrete and various finishing materials. These materials are distinguished by having undergone precise engineering tests and obtained official certification, making them suitable for use in official, governmental, and major contracting projects that require precise specifications and high quality in execution.
Certified chemical bonding materials feature an improved formula that helps reduce shrinkage resulting from temperature changes in Kuwait, increase concrete resistance to moisture and cracking, and prepare the surface for subsequent finishing processes such as plastering, putty, and cladding with marble or stone. They are also used in restoration and reinforcement works of old buildings and help treat structural weak points and reinforce damaged concrete elements.
Key Features of Certified Quality-Assured Bonding Materials
• Provide high concrete cohesion strength
• Reduce the likelihood of layer separation
• Excellent resistance to moisture and soil salts
• Suitable for reinforced concrete, walls, and foundations
• Easy to use and suitable for all construction stages
• Engineering-approved and used in official construction projects
These materials are widely used in Kuwait, including:
• Construction of residential villas and commercial buildings
• Infrastructure development projects
• Structural restoration and rehabilitation works
• Preparation of concrete facades before finishing
• Reinforcement of foundations, columns, and concrete beams
Contractors prefer using certified bonding materials because they grant engineering confidence, help pass structural inspections from consulting authorities, and ensure compliance with specifications in major contracting projects.
Therefore, certified chemical bonding materials with quality assurance are not just an additional product, but a fundamental element that enhances building durability, protects it from damage and cracking, and ensures professional engineering execution that lasts for many years.
Best Price for Chemical Bonding Materials in Kuwait
When searching for the best price for chemical bonding materials in Kuwait, the goal is not only to get the lowest cost, but to choose a material that combines high quality, structural stability, and ease of use, and is suitable for the nature of the project whether small or large. Chemical bonding materials are not just an assisting product, but a key part in execution quality and its ability to prevent cracks and separation, and to improve concrete performance during use and after execution.
Prices vary according to the type of material, its effectiveness, its ability to resist moisture and cracks, and its use in foundation, restoration, or finishing works. But professional contractors in Kuwait do not choose material based only on price, but on its effectiveness and ability to improve concrete quality and facilitate execution stages.
Factors Determining the Best Value of Chemical Bonding Materials
• Adhesion strength of the material to concrete
• Quality and stability of chemical formulation
• Ease of use and speed of application
• Suitability for all construction and finishing stages
• No impact on concrete casting or finishing colors
• Certified through engineering or laboratory testing
These materials are used in several structural stages:
• Bonding old and new concrete in expansion works
• Reinforcing foundations and columns
• Surface preparation for paints and putty
• Crack repair and treatment of damaged concrete
Some supply companies in Kuwait offer various options for contractors, where materials can be requested in small or large quantities depending on project size, with the possibility of supply in batches for ongoing projects.
Therefore, the best price for chemical bonding materials in Kuwait is the one that combines high quality and reliable engineering performance, and grants the building strength and stability in the long term without the need for repair or maintenance.
Supplying Chemical Bonding Materials for Major Projects
The service of supplying chemical bonding materials for major projects is one of the essential services relied on by engineering development and contracting companies in Kuwait, as large projects require constant and uninterrupted availability of materials with unified and stable quality to avoid work disruption or performance differences from one stage to another.
In major projects such as residential complexes, modern cities, governmental projects, infrastructure projects, educational and medical facilities, the contractor needs a supplier capable of providing large quantities of concrete bonding materials on a regular basis, with quality consistency and ease of distribution to the site.
Advantages of Supplying Bonding Materials for Major Projects
• Supply of large quantities with quality assurance
• Commitment to delivery timelines to ensure work continuity
• Availability of the material in different forms to suit the project nature
• Ability to set weekly or monthly supply schedules
• Engineering support for contractors to determine suitable quantities
Main Uses in Major Projects
• Reinforcement of foundations and concrete structures
• Rehabilitation of old buildings and joint restoration
• Enhancing wall and ceiling strength before finishing
• Preparing concrete facades before plastering
Specialized supply companies provide technical support to sites and offer appropriate engineering solutions for each construction stage, whether in casting, restoration, or final finishing, helping the contractor execute the project with the highest efficiency.
Therefore, supplying chemical bonding materials for major projects is a key factor in the success of large-scale projects in Kuwait, ensuring availability of materials at the right time with the required quality, and granting the contractor the ability to execute professionally without delays or quality deterioration.
Bonding Materials That Ensure High Adhesion Strength
Bonding materials that ensure high adhesion strength play a pivotal role in executing construction projects professionally. They do not only bond concrete together but also enhance building durability, prevent layer separation, and improve concrete performance in the long term. In an environment like Kuwait, where temperatures change significantly, and buildings are exposed to moisture and weather conditions, strong bonding materials become an engineering necessity to ensure building stability and prevent future issues such as cracks or separation.
These bonding materials are used in engineering applications that require additional cohesion strength, such as bonding old and new concrete in building extensions, treating construction joints, reinforcing concrete surfaces before plastering, and bonding finishing layers to concrete walls to ensure work sustainability. These materials are characterized by having an effective chemical composition that fills gaps and increases cohesion between concrete surfaces without affecting the final appearance or leaving protruding layers after completion.
Key Advantages of High-Adhesion Bonding Materials
• Prevent layer separation between old and new concrete
• Increase concrete load-bearing capacity and prevent cracking
• Provide a strong surface before plastering, insulation, or finishing
• Prevent concrete deformation due to heat or shrinkage
• Suitable for walls, ceilings, floors, and concrete structures
• Help in damaged concrete treatment and rehabilitation
Uses in Projects
• Concrete restoration in old buildings
• Strengthening columns and beams before additional casting
• Surface preparation before plastering, painting, or putty
• Treatment of surface cracks and construction joints
• Bonding new building additions to existing structures
They are considered an ideal engineering solution for construction projects requiring high accuracy in performance, such as luxury villas, multi-story residential buildings, and governmental projects that follow strict engineering standards. These materials help improve execution quality and give the building extra strength and tolerance to various weather conditions.
Therefore, using bonding materials that ensure high adhesion strength is an essential step to guarantee quality construction both structurally and aesthetically, and to maintain building safety and sustainability for a long time without frequent need for restoration.
Purchasing Bonding Materials with Certified Quality Certificate
When purchasing bonding materials with a certified quality certificate, you are not only obtaining an enhanced engineering material, but also a reliable guarantee that this material complies with structural use and is approved by engineering and laboratory authorities. This means building safety, concrete strength, adherence to specifications, and the ability to use the material in governmental and private projects without any issues during inspection or technical evaluation.
Having a certified quality certificate means that the material has undergone specialized technical tests such as adhesion test, compressive strength test, moisture and heat resistance, shrinkage test, crack resistance test, and suitability for use in foundations, beams, columns, concrete walls, and finishing works.
Advantages of Purchasing Certified Quality Bonding Materials
• Guarantee that the product meets engineering specifications
• Increased confidence in using the material in projects
• Suitable for use in official projects and tenders
• Reduce risks of damage or concrete failure after execution
• Support inspection processes by consultants and engineers
• Enable technical documentation during different construction stages
These materials also help contractors document quality in major projects, especially those requiring periodic reports or inspection certificates such as housing projects, universities, hospitals, and government developments.
Certified bonding materials can be used in:
• Structural restoration of damaged buildings
• Reinforcement and structural expansion works
• Surface preparation before precise finishing
• Bonding new concrete with old structural elements
• Insulation, plaster, and engineering painting works
Therefore, obtaining bonding materials with certified quality accreditation is full engineering assurance that gives contractors and investors peace of mind, safety, and confidence in execution and prevents structural problems that may appear later due to material quality.
Trusted Bonding Materials Supplier for Contractors
Choosing a trusted bonding materials supplier for contractors is a vital step in the success of any construction project in Kuwait, as the contractor does not only rely on material availability but needs a supplier that delivers consistent quality, regular supply, engineering consulting, and the ability to provide materials in required quantities at the right time. A reliable supplier does not disrupt workflow, maintains work quality, and meets project needs from beginning to finishing.
The ideal supplier is one who understands the nature of construction projects in Kuwait, from concrete foundation works to final finishing stages, and can provide materials in various forms suitable for different applications, whether packaged, bulk delivery, or wholesale supply for large projects.
Key Qualities of a Trusted Bonding Materials Supplier
• Adherence to delivery deadlines without delay
• Supplying engineering-tested and certified materials
• Ability to provide both small and large quantities
• Supporting contractors with technical know-how on optimal usage
• Maintaining consistent quality in every delivery batch
• Flexibility in providing material based on the project type
The supplier should ideally provide:
• Bonding materials for reinforced concrete
• Bonding materials for plastering and finishing works
• Chemical bonding materials for restoration works
• Bonding materials for construction and engineering reinforcement
A trusted supplier also provides technical support for construction sites, helps contractors determine the right quantity for each stage, and offers an engineering vision for material distribution according to work area and site conditions.
Therefore, a trusted bonding materials supplier for contractors is a success partner, not just a seller, as they ensure organized and professional project progress, improve project quality, and help avoid technical errors and scheduling delays.
Weather-Resistant Chemical Bonding Materials
Weather-resistant chemical bonding materials are important engineering solutions in construction projects exposed to high heat, humidity, salts, and harsh environmental conditions — common in Kuwait. These materials provide additional protection to concrete, prevent the impact of weather changes and expansion/shrinkage resulting from heat and humidity, protect concrete from cracking and layer separation, and increase its long-term durability.
Concrete in exposed buildings, such as walls, external facades, roofs, and bridges, often undergoes repeated climatic changes, affecting its structural performance and ability to bear loads consistently. Therefore, using weather-resistant bonding materials increases the adhesion strength between concrete layers and provides an additional protective layer preventing damage, erosion, or layer separation.
Features of Weather-Resistant Bonding Materials
• Excellent resistance to sunlight and high temperatures
• Preventing development of surface cracks caused by shrinkage and expansion
• Protect concrete from moisture and soil salts
• Enhancing adhesion in exposed concrete layers
• Increasing building lifespan and reducing maintenance
• Improving concrete performance in coastal and humid environments
Uses in Kuwait Projects
• Concrete facades of residential and commercial buildings
• Exposed roofs, bridges, and external structures
• Concrete walls exposed to heat and sunlight
• Areas near the sea or salt-rich soil
• Restoration works and moisture-damaged structures
These materials help create a strong layer that prevents water absorption, improves concrete performance in high-humidity areas, and reduces internal erosion caused by salts present in the environment. They are suitable for application on horizontal and vertical surfaces without affecting concrete appearance after execution.
Therefore, weather-resistant chemical bonding materials grant the building effective engineering protection, limit cracks and damage, and preserve concrete stability in hot and humid environments, making them the ideal choice for construction projects in Kuwait.
Supplying Bonding Materials with Certificate of Origin Assurance
The service of supplying bonding materials with a certificate of origin assurance is one of the most important requirements for contractors and engineers when executing engineering projects in Kuwait, as this certificate gives them confidence that the materials used are original, engineering-approved, and laboratory tested. Having an official certificate of origin is proof of material quality and suitability for use in major projects and tenders supervised by consulting or governmental authorities.
A certificate of origin does not only indicate the product source but confirms that the material was manufactured according to standard specifications, is compliant with engineering and structural use, and can be relied on in bonding, restoration, reinforcement, and preparing concrete surfaces for finishing. It also enhances the contractor’s ability to provide reliable engineering documentation to the consultant and project supervisor.
Importance of Certificate of Origin in Bonding Materials
• Ensuring that the material is original and not counterfeit
• Confirming product suitability for engineering use
• Supporting the project’s technical documentation before authorities
• Preventing the use of non-compliant materials that may cause issues later
• Serving as a reference document for contractors in major projects
Professional supply companies in Kuwait are capable of providing certified bonding materials with stamped and verified certificates of origin, with the possibility of providing laboratory analysis reports confirming compliance with approved specifications in the country.
Use of certified materials in:
• Infrastructure and governmental construction projects
• Construction of villas and residential complexes
• Restoration of damaged buildings
• Preparing concrete surfaces before finishing
• Engineering additions and expansion projects
Having a certificate of origin grants the contractor a significant competitive advantage, as they can present certified quality to owners and consultants and ensure compliance with specifications without rework or technical disputes.
Therefore, supplying bonding materials with certificate of origin is an essential part of engineering quality and professional execution, supporting contractor credibility and facilitating technical approval in all construction stages.
Best Bonding Materials for Reinforced Concrete
Choosing the best bonding materials for reinforced concrete is vital in construction projects that rely on strong concrete structures, such as foundations, columns, beams, slabs, and bridges. Reinforced concrete requires specialized engineering bonding materials that enhance its ability to bear stress, pressure, and shrinkage, improve internal cohesion, and prevent separation between concrete and steel or between concrete layers.
These materials are used in projects requiring high engineering precision such as multi-story buildings, commercial complexes, hospitals, schools, and government facilities. They are characterized by improving concrete performance and achieving full cohesion between concrete elements, even under harsh conditions such as heat and moisture.
Characteristics of Suitable Bonding Materials for Reinforced Concrete
• High resistance to pressure and stress
• Prevention of cracks resulting from heavy loads
• Increased adhesion between concrete and steel reinforcement
• Improved concrete performance against weather conditions
• Suitable for vertical and horizontal pours and structurally sensitive areas
• Provide a solid surface before finishing works
Uses include:
• Reinforcement of foundations, beams, and columns
• Restoration of damaged concrete elements
• Surface preparation before additional concrete casting
• Preventing layer separation between concrete and steel
• Preparing walls and ceilings before plastering and finishing
They are also used when adding structural extensions to a building, such as adding a new floor or expanding foundations, or connecting new concrete systems to an existing structure. These materials help prevent weak construction joints that may affect building stability in the future.
Therefore, the best bonding materials for reinforced concrete are those that provide extra building strength and long-term stability, protect structural elements from damage, and help contractors implement work according to the highest standards of quality and engineering safety.
Chemical Bonding Material Enhanced for Performance and Resistance
Chemical bonding material enhanced for performance and resistance is one of the strongest engineering solutions used in construction projects in Kuwait to achieve the highest levels of concrete quality and durability. It not only improves adhesion between old and new concrete surfaces but also enhances concrete resistance to cracking, erosion, and moisture, prevents layer separation, and increases its ability to withstand stress, pressure, and high temperatures characteristic of the Kuwaiti climate.
The enhanced bonding material contains advanced chemical components that increase concrete flexibility and provide additional strength to resist shrinkage or settlement, which is extremely important in engineering projects requiring high precision. This material is ideal for projects involving construction and maintenance of concrete structures such as columns, roofs, beams, bridges, tunnels, and retaining walls, without affecting architectural appearance or finishing quality.
Advantages of Enhanced Chemical Bonding Material
• Strong adhesion between concrete-to-concrete or concrete-to-brick
• High resistance to weather, heat, and moisture
• Prevents leakage and reduces effects of salts and groundwater
• Provides extra flexibility to reduce cracking likelihood
• Suitable for both structural and finishing works
• Extends building lifespan and reduces maintenance needs
Applications in Kuwaiti projects include:
• Casting of reinforced concrete and foundations
• Restoration of damaged or cracked old concrete
• Surface preparation for interior and exterior finishes
• Concrete reinforcement before tile, marble, or stone installation
• Supporting concrete in coastal projects exposed to salts
This material is preferred in projects requiring high load-bearing capacity or exposed to constant dynamic stress, such as multi-story buildings, industrial facilities, and concrete parking structures. It is also effective in preventing distortion, settlement, or separation occurring between concrete layers due to temperature changes or moisture variations.
Therefore, chemical bonding material enhanced for performance and resistance provides comprehensive concrete protection, increases its durability over time, and is an essential element for executing construction projects according to approved engineering standards in Kuwait.
Supplying Bonding Materials with CE and ISO Certificates
The service of supplying bonding materials with CE and ISO certificates is one of the most important services sought by contractors and consultants in construction projects across Kuwait, as these certificates prove that the materials used comply with internationally approved specifications and have undergone tests confirming their engineering quality and performance strength. These certificates provide great confidence, especially in governmental or major contracting projects requiring documented engineering approval.
A bonding material certified with CE or ISO accreditation has gone through strict testing phases, including separation resistance, adhesion strength, thermal effect, stress and moisture endurance, suitability for structural application, and impact on concrete after pouring. Therefore, it is the ideal choice for contractors seeking guaranteed quality and concrete structural sustainability.
Advantages of internationally certified bonding materials
• Compliant with building standards in Kuwait and the Gulf
• Reliable in all construction and finishing stages
• Suitable for use in governmental and major projects
• Easy to apply and does not affect concrete appearance
• Enhances execution quality and reduces maintenance issues
Applications in construction projects:
• Infrastructure, roads, and bridges projects
• Concrete foundation works and multi-story buildings
• Residential, commercial, and governmental buildings
• Preparation of construction sites with sensitive and humid conditions
• Structural reinforcement and repair of damaged concrete
Possessing CE or ISO certificates allows the contractor to obtain official accreditation when presenting engineering reports, facilitates material quality approval by concerned authorities, and prevents material rejection during project implementation.
Therefore, supplying bonding materials with CE and ISO certification provides added confidence, ensures the use of reliable materials, reduces structural risks, improves project quality, and enhances engineering value.
Bonding Material That Increases Concrete Strength and Stability
Bonding material that increases concrete strength and stability is one of the advanced engineering solutions used to enhance concrete performance, improve durability, and increase its ability to withstand high loads in construction projects in the Kuwaiti market. This material not only improves adhesion between old and new concrete but also strengthens concrete layers from within, providing additional resistance to stress, erosion, and cracking, making the building more stable and sustainable in the long term.
Concrete alone may suffer from separation, voids, or cracks, especially in projects exposed to external factors such as heat, moisture, and salts. Here comes the role of the bonding material, which improves concrete adhesion and reduces disintegration, and helps reduce future settlement risks or layer separation.
Advantages of bonding material that enhances concrete strength
• Enhancing concrete strength in high-pressure areas
• Preventing surface or internal cracking
• Improving concrete performance in foundations and columns
• Increasing concrete resistance to weather and moisture
• Extending concrete lifespan and reducing the need for maintenance
Applications in Kuwait Projects:
• Reinforcement of foundations and concrete structures
• Restoration and strengthening of old buildings
• Bonding old and new concrete in expansions
• Surface preparation before finishing works
• Improving concrete resistance in coastal environments
The bonding material provides high ability to penetrate concrete layers and fill fine voids, creating a uniform surface ideal for painting, plastering, or putty, and helps reduce waste and deformation in the finishing phase.
Therefore, bonding material that increases concrete strength and stability is not just a supplementary product, but an essential element to improve concrete quality and ensure building stability and sustainability, making it an ideal choice for contractors and engineers seeking true project quality.
High-Quality Bonding Materials for Engineering Finishes
High-quality bonding materials for engineering finishes are among the most important elements relied on by engineers and contractors in Kuwait to achieve precise and durable finishing that lasts long. Finishing is the stage that reflects the final project quality and showcases the contractor's engineering skill and execution accuracy. Here comes the role of bonding material, which ensures strong cohesion between concrete and finishing materials such as plaster, putty, wall paints, and insulation.
Using high-quality bonding materials in the finishing stage significantly prevents separation, peeling, expansion, and shrinkage problems that appear after completion. They also provide a smooth and uniform surface ready to receive finishing materials, minimizing the need for additional putty layers or patching after execution.
Key Features of High-Quality Finishing Bonding Materials
• Provide strong adhesion and excellent cohesion between layers
• Help achieve smooth surfaces before painting or stone installation
• Prevent the appearance of cracks and hairline fissures in walls
• Protect finishes from moisture and weather influences
• Compatible with plaster, putty, and engineering gypsum products
• Suitable for all concrete and brick surfaces
Applications in Finishing Works in Kuwait
• Preparing concrete walls before putty and painting
• Preparing ceilings before installing gypsum or molding decorations
• Preparing external facades before installing stone or marble
• Improving adhesion of plaster and cement layers
• Protecting finishes from separation due to heat or moisture
These materials are used extensively in luxurious projects such as villas, palaces, commercial buildings, and residential apartments, where these projects require great attention during finishing and need high-quality bonding materials.
Therefore, high-quality bonding materials for engineering finishes are a true investment in project quality, as they provide durability, stability, and reduce future costs resulting from maintenance or repair.
Supplying Trusted and Easy-to-Use Bonding Materials
The service of supplying trusted and easy-to-use bonding materials is one of the most important factors for the success of projects requiring fast and professional execution in Kuwait. Contractors on-site look for ready-to-use materials that can be applied directly without complex preparation or mixing processes, making execution faster, maintaining application quality, and reducing waste on-site.
Easy-to-use bonding materials are often packaged practically and can be applied directly to concrete or brick surfaces using a brush, roller, or direct spray depending on the work type. They are homogeneous in composition, stable in performance, and do not require additional preparation, making them suitable for fast use in finishing and restoration projects.
Advantages of Ready-to-Use and Easy-to-Apply Bonding Materials
• Do not require complex mixing or preparation
• Fast application on different surface types
• Suitable for both interior and exterior finishing
• Provide strong adhesion and long-lasting stability
• Save time and effort and accelerate execution
• Compatible with concrete, plaster, putty, and gypsum
Areas of Use in Kuwait Projects
• Construction sites and residential projects
• Fast finishing works in villas and apartments
• Commercial and administrative buildings
• Repair and maintenance and restoration works
• Surface preparation before stone or tile installation
Professional supply companies in Kuwait provide these materials in different options according to site needs, whether small packages for residential projects or bulk supply for large-scale projects, with direct delivery service to the site.
Therefore, supplying trusted and easy-to-use bonding materials is a direct support for contractors to save time and effort and guarantee precise execution quality, reflecting positively on project efficiency and sustainability.
Best Deals and Prices for Chemical Bonding Materials
Contractors and engineers in Kuwait seek the best deals and prices for chemical bonding materials without compromising on quality or technical specifications required in construction projects. The goal is not just to buy at a lower cost, but to obtain high-performance, stable bonding materials that provide concrete with better cohesion and adhesion, protecting it from cracks and separation in the long term.
Ideal offers in this field include providing materials with consistent quality, the ability to supply them in different quantities according to project stages, offering technical support to help customers select the suitable type, and providing multiple options depending on usage whether in construction, finishing, or restoration.
Elements of Choosing the Best Offer in Bonding Materials
• Material compliance with engineering specifications
• Product shelf life and storage suitability
• Availability of individual or wholesale supply options
• Ease of use on-site
• Technical support for quantity and correct usage
• Supplier flexibility in delivery and support
Some companies in Kuwait offer supply contracts for medium and large projects, with scheduled deliveries according to execution stages, saving contractors time and preventing work stoppage due to material shortages.
Bulk offers often include:
• Full engineering support for the site
• Engineering-approved specifications
• Consistent quality in each batch
• Flexible supply to all areas of Kuwait
Therefore, the best deals and prices for chemical bonding materials are those combining quality, supply continuity, technical support, and suitability for project stages—not just those offering the lowest price.
In Conclusion
Chemical bonding materials for concrete are an essential element in the success of structural and engineering projects in Kuwait, as they not only enhance concrete adhesion strength but also protect it from cracking and separation, increase its resistance to salts, moisture, and weather conditions, making it ideal for use in foundations, structures, finishing, and restoration. Their availability in certified types with reliable documentation improves overall execution quality and gives the building durability and strength in the long term. Choosing the right supplier who provides regular supply and technical support is an important step for every contractor seeking real quality in execution.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the importance of chemical bonding materials in concrete?
They enhance adhesion strength between concrete layers, prevent cracking and separation, prepare the surface for finishing, and increase building stability.
Can bonding materials be used in restoration works?
Yes, they are very suitable for repairing cracked concrete, strengthening columns and foundations, and rehabilitating damaged buildings.
Are bonding materials suitable for hot and humid climates in Kuwait?
Yes, there are types designed specifically to resist moisture, heat, and expansion/contraction caused by Kuwait’s climate changes.
What is the difference between traditional and chemical bonding materials?
Chemical bonding materials are stronger and more stable, offer higher adhesion, better resistance to weather factors, and are suitable for advanced structural works.
Can bonding materials be used in finishing?
Yes, they are excellent for preparing surfaces before plastering, painting, and gypsum work, and prevent peeling and separation after finishing.
